Description
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Concentric Tube Heat Exchanger
(A)Plain Tube ( Water To Water ):
The apparatus consists of two concentric tubes. Inner tube consists of copper tube through which hot water flows. While the outer tube consists of GI pipe through which cold water flows. The arrangement enables the parallel and counter flow of the cold water. The inlet and outlet temperatures and the flow measurement enable to find out the heat exchanged LMTD, and effectiveness of the equipment.
Specifications:
1.Inner copper tube I.D, 12.7mm. and outer G. I. Pipe I. D. 15mm. approx. and 1.5m. length.
2.Thermometers – 4 nos.
3.Measuring flask – 1 Lit. capacity.
4.Geyser-3 kW. Single phase.
Services required
1.220v, 15A, stabilized single-phase AC supply.
2.Floor area – 3m x I m x 1 m height.
(B) Finned Tube ( Water To Air ):
The apparatus consists of two concentric tubes. Inner tube consists of copper tube through which hot water flows. It is finned at its outer diameter to increase the heat transfer surface. While the outer tube consists of GI pipe through which cold air flows. The arrangement enables the parallel and counter flow of the air. The inlet and outlet temperatures and the flow measurement enable to find out the heat exchanged LMTD, and effectiveness of the equipment.
Specifications:
1.Inner copper tube I.D. 12.7mm. and outer G. I. Pipe I. D. 25mm. approx. and 1m. length.
2.Thermometers – 4 nos.
3.Orifice meter along with manometer.
4.Measuring flask – 1 Lit. Capacity.
5.Geyser-3 kW. Single phase.
Services Required
1.220v, 15A, stabilized single-phase AC supply.
2.Floor area – 3m x 1m x 1m height.
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Citical Radius Of Insulating Material
Citical Radius of Insulating Material:
At particular radius of insulation over a cylinder, loss of heat is maximum. The unit consists of a G.I. pipe provided with plaster of Paris insulation on out side surface. Four pipes are provided with heater inside having input control. Input to heaters is measured by common voltmeter and ammeter, by controlling input to heaters, it is shown that critical radius of insulation is ratio of thermal conductivity and outside heat transfer co-efficient.
SPECIFICATIONS:
1.G. I. Pipes with electrical heater inside – 4 Nos. 2.Insulation over the pipes of different thickness. 3.Controls and Measurements – a) Dimmerstat to control heater input – 4 Nos. b) A voltmeter and ammeter to measure inputs to heater. c) Digital temperature indicator to measure temperatures across insulation. d) Necessary switches and controls. A technical manual accompanies the unit.SERVICES REQUIRED:
230 V, 5 Amp., A.C., Supply with earthing connection. Floor Area of 1 m. X 1 m X 1.5m. height.
Heat Transfer In Aagitated Vessel
The unit consists of a vessel with class wool insulation ail around. A helical coil made of copper is fixed inside the vessel. A motorized agitator is fixed at the center of the coil. The vessel is provided with an electric heater and a controller is also provided for vessel. Heater heats water in the jacket while cold water is circulated through coll. Temperature of circulated water and water In vessel Is measured and thus heat transfer coefficient at various agitator speeds can be determined.
SPECIFICATIONS:
1.Vessel approx. 20 lit. capacity, provided with glass wool insulation all around and electric heater at the bottom. 2.Agitator 150 mm dia, with 1/8 HP motor to drive the agitator. 3.Helical coil – 200 dia, 8 turns, made of 3/8″ dia. copper tube. 4.Controllers for heater and agitator motor. 5.Temp. Indicator for vessel water temperature and circulated water inlet and outlet.SERVICES REQUIRED:
1.Single phase 230V, 15 A stabilized supply. 2.Water flow at the rate of 4 to 5 lit. per min. 3.Suitable drain arrangement for water. 4.Floor area -1.5 mtr. X 1 mtr. X 1 mir height.
Pin Fin Appatatus
The apparatus consists of a channel in which the pin fin is tested in both natural as well as forced convection. The channel is connected to the suction of blower. The blower is operated to touch the pin fin in forced convection only. In natural convection, the window above the pin fin is kept open to the atmosphere. Five thermocouple tapings are given along the length of the fin. Thus the temperature distribution along the length can be distinguished. Also natural and forced heat transfer co-efficient, effectiveness, etc. can be found out.
Specifications:
1.Three pin fins- a) M. S. b) Brass c) Al 2.Channel- 150mm x 100mm x 1000mm 3.Blower – run by f.h.p. motor. 4.Orifice meter along with water manometer to measure airflow. 5.Voltmeter and ammeter to measure power input. 6.Cr- Al thermocouple with 6 tapings along with temperature indicator. 7.Dimmerstat to control power input. 8.A band heater to heat the pin fin. A technical manual accompanies the unit.Services required:
1.220v, stabilized single phase supply along with earthing Connection. 2.Floor area 2m x 1m x 1m height.
Thermal Conductivity Of Liquid
Thermal conductivity of is an important engineering property. The apparatus uses guarded hot plate method for determining thermal conductivity. It consists of hot plate i.e. an electrical heater sandwiched between two plates. The heat loss from hot plate is prevented by using two guard heaters and heat of removes heat from liquid by circulation of water. Input to heaters the temperatures.
SPECIFICATIONS:
1.Guarded hot plate assembly comprising of main heater, ring guard heater and top guard heater, mounted over the liquid test cavity. 2.Cold plate assembly provided with water connections. 3.The assembly is housed in an enclosure box with glass wool insulation. 4.Instruments panel consisting of : a).Digital voltmeter and ammeter of suitable range. b).Dimmerstat for controlling input to the heaters (2 amp. 3 Nos.) c).Multichannel digital temperature indicator.SERVICES REQUIRED:
1.Floor space of about 0.75m. x 1.5m. at working height. 2.230v. AC electrical supply with earthling connection. 3.Water flow rate of about 10- 15 lit/min. at constant head.
Theramal Conductivity Of Insulating Slabs
The apparatus consists of a slab assembly. The main Heater and a radial guard heater are sandwiched between copper plates. The specimen in the form of slabs of equal thickness are placed on either sides of heaters and cooling plates through which water is circulated are on the other Sides of the specimen. The radial guard heater ensures all heat of the main heater to pass axially through the specimens which is collected by cooling plates. By knowing the temperatures and Heat input, thermal conductivity of specimen can be calculated. The test set up is enclosed in an enclosure with insulation inside to provide undisturbed Surroundings. The design style of the apparatus is similar to as recommended in INDIAN standard. The difference is in sizes.
SPECIFICATIONS:
1.Heaters: a)Main heater plate 110 mm dia. with mica heater Sandwiched between copper plates. b)Radial guard heater plate I.D. 120mm and OD 200 mm mica heater sandwiched between copper plates. 2.Water circulated cooling plates -2 nos. 3.Dimmerstat-2 A capacity – 2 nos. to independently control Inputs to the heaters. 4.Measurements – A voltmeter and an Ammeter with selector switches to measure inputs,Multichannel digital temperature indicator to measure Temperatures at various points, having 0.1 °c least count. A technical manual accompanies the unit.SERVICES REQUIRED:
1.230 V, A.C. stabilized supply along with earthing connection. 2.Water supply of about 4-5 lit/min. 3.Bench area 1m x lm x O.5m height.
Thermocouple Calibration Test Rig
The Unit helps in calibrating given thermocouple for the range 0°C to 100°C. While calibrating, thermocouple is once dipped in ice for 0Q C and then in boiling water for 100°C. This is done till the thermocouple shows the actual temperature of ice (0° C) and boiling wafer (100°C) and a linear calibration is set. A mV meter is provided to know the corresponding voltage.
SPECIFICATIONS:
1.A digital mV Meter and a digital temperature indicator with 2 different type of thermocouples. 2.A water container with heater of 1 KW. 3.A technical manual accompanies the unit.SERVICES REQUIRED:
1.Table surface area – 2 m X 1 m X 0.5 m height. 2.220V, 50hz. Stabilize Electric Power Supply. 3.Ice cubes – 0.5Kg. Approx.
Heat Pipe Apparatus
Heat Pipe Apparatus:
Heat pipe is an interesting device, which is used to transfer heat from one location to another.
The apparatus consists of three pipes, viz. A heat pipe, copper pipe and stainless steel pipe. Ail the pipes have same physical dimensions. Copper and stainless steel pipes serve the purpose of comparison of heat pipe performance. All pipes are mounted vertically with a band heater at lower end and water filled heat sink at upper end. Nearly isothermal operation of heat pipe is clearly visualized from longitudinal temperature distribution of the pipe.
SPECIFICATIONS:
1.Heat pipe – Stainless Steel pipe, 25 mm O.D., 450 mm. Long. Sealed at both ends, evacuated and filled partially with distilled water – one No. 2.Copper and stainless steel pipe of same size as that of heat pipe – one each. 3.Equal capacity heater at bottom end of each pipe. 4.Water filled heat sinks at upper end of each pipe.Measurements and controls
a) Dimmerstat to control heat input to all the heaters – 4 amp. Capacity One No. b) A voltmeter and an ammeter to measure input to heaters One each. c) Multichannel digital temperature indictor to measure temperatures along the length of pipes.Four thermocouples are provided on each pipe. v Thermometers to note down water temperatures in heat sinks – 3 Nos.Services Required:
230 VA.C. Single Phase supply. Floor Area = 1 m X 0.5m X 0.5 m height.
Specific Heat Of Air Apparatus
The apparatus consists of heating element on which the air is blown. The difference in temperature of air is shown by the temperature indicator. The flow of air is measured by the orifice meter. The input to the heater is measured by voltmeter and ammeter. Thus the specific heat of air can be found out.
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