Description
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Shell Tube Heat Exchanger Water To Water
Heat exchanger is the devices used to transfer the heat from one fluid to other. The shell and tube heat exchanger is two tube single pass heat exchanger. The hot fluid is hot water obtained from water heater. The coil fluid is cold water. The schematic flow arrangement is shown in figure. Hot water enters the lower side of end box, flows through the tubes in lower half of shell and comes to the other end of the shell. It reverses its direction, flows through tubes in upper half of the shell and leaves out. Cold water enters lower part of the shell passes over the tubes between the baffles and leaves out the shell through outlet at upper surface of shell.
SPECIFICATIONS:
1.Shell – 150NB, 750 m.m. long provided with end boxes.
a.One end box with divider plate.
b.25% cut baffles – 4 Nos. in the shell.
2.Tubes – 4.5mm I.D., 6.35mm O.D.,250 m.m. length copper tubes with triangular pitch.
3.Instantaneous water heater, 3 Kw capacity, to supply hot water.
4.Thermometer for measuring the water temperature.
5.Valves to control hot and cold water flow.
SERVICES REQUIRED:
1.3 P H, AC supply
2.Floor space 1.5m. X 1m,
3.230V, 15A, AC supply with earthing connection.
4.Water supply at the rate of about 10 lit/min at constant heat.
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Heat Pipe Apparatus
Heat Pipe Apparatus:
Heat pipe is an interesting device, which is used to transfer heat from one location to another.
The apparatus consists of three pipes, viz. A heat pipe, copper pipe and stainless steel pipe. Ail the pipes have same physical dimensions. Copper and stainless steel pipes serve the purpose of comparison of heat pipe performance. All pipes are mounted vertically with a band heater at lower end and water filled heat sink at upper end. Nearly isothermal operation of heat pipe is clearly visualized from longitudinal temperature distribution of the pipe.
SPECIFICATIONS:
1.Heat pipe – Stainless Steel pipe, 25 mm O.D., 450 mm. Long. Sealed at both ends, evacuated and filled partially with distilled water – one No. 2.Copper and stainless steel pipe of same size as that of heat pipe – one each. 3.Equal capacity heater at bottom end of each pipe. 4.Water filled heat sinks at upper end of each pipe.Measurements and controls
a) Dimmerstat to control heat input to all the heaters – 4 amp. Capacity One No. b) A voltmeter and an ammeter to measure input to heaters One each. c) Multichannel digital temperature indictor to measure temperatures along the length of pipes.Four thermocouples are provided on each pipe. v Thermometers to note down water temperatures in heat sinks – 3 Nos.Services Required:
230 VA.C. Single Phase supply. Floor Area = 1 m X 0.5m X 0.5 m height.
Forced Convection Apparatus
The unit consists of a circular pipe; loosing heat by forced convection to air, being forced through it. Constant heat flux is added to pipe by an electrical heater, provided with input control. The pipe surface temperature is measured at various points along length of pipe. Temperature of air at inlet and outlet of test section are measured. Thus the students can calculate local and overall heat transfer coefficients in forced convection, at various airflow rates and various heat flux values.
SPECIFICATIONS:
1.Test pipe – 32mm NB GI pipe, 500 mm. long, heated by band heater, outside. Centrifugal blower to force air through test pipe with How control valve. 2.Variac 2A, capacity to force air through test pipe with flow control valve. 3.An orifice meter with differential water manometer. 4.Voltmeter and Ammeter to measure heater input. 5.Multichannel digital temperature indicator to measures various temperatures. 6.A technical manual accompanies the unit.SERVICES REQUIRED:
1.Bench area of about 1m. x 0.75 m. at working height. 2.239v, 15A, AC, supply with earthing connection.
Natural Convection Apparatus
The unit consists of a vertical brass pipe heated by a cartridge heater inside it. The pipe looses heat to atmosphere by natural convection. It is fitted in an enclosure to provide undisturbed natural convection currents. Thermocouples are attached on the pipe to measure local temperatures. Heater input is measured on voltmeter and ammeter. Thus students can determine overall heat transfer coefficient and local transfer coefficients in natural convection at various heat transfer rates.
SPECIFICATIONS:
1.Pipe – Brass pipe, 38mm. dia. (OD) 500mm. long, fitted with cartridge heater inside. 2.Thermocouples are fitted along with the length of pipe for Temperature measurement – 7 nos. 3.Enclosure 200mm. x 200mm. x 800mm. size, with one side of Perspex sheet. 4.Measurements & Controls a) A Dimmerstat for heater input control. b) Voltmeter and Ammeter for heater input measurement. c) Multichannel digital temperature indicator. A technical manual accompanies the unit.SERVICES REQUIRED:
1.Bench area of 1.5m x 0,75m. at working height. 2.230v, 5A, AC, electric supply with earthing connection.
Thermal Conductivity Of Metal Rod
The apparatus consists of a copper bar, which is heated at one end, a heat sink is provided at other end. The test section of bar is properly insulated and thermocouples are attached along the length of bar. Heat conducted through the section of bar is measured by heat collection in water-cooled heat sink. A panel comprising of controls and measurements is provided, which provides easy operation and sturdy mounting of unit.
SPECIFICATIONS:
1.Metal Bar – 25mm of adequate length, provided with 8 Thermocouples along the length, Band heater at one end and water-cooled heat sink at other end. Test portion of bar is insulated. 2.Instruments panel comprising of. Voltmeter … 1No. Ammeter … 1No. Dimmerstat 0-230v, 2A, capacity. Multichannel Digital temperature Indicator. 3.Measuring flask and stop clockSERVICES REQUIRED:
1.Bench area of 1.5m. x 1m. at working height. 2.230 v, AC, electric supply with earthing connection. 3.Water supply at the rate of 2 lit/mm
Emissivity Measurement Apparatus
The apparatus consists of a test plate and a comparator. A black plate is used as a comparator for test plate. When all the physical, dimensions and the temperatures are equal, heat losses from both plates will also be the same, except radiation losses. Hence the input difference will be due to difference in emissive. Both the plates are kept in a panel enclose with perplex front and are given inputs through separate dimmerstats so that temperatures of both can be kept equal. Thus emissivity can determine over a wide range of temperatures.
SPECIFICATIONS:
1.Test plate and Black plates — 160mm. Dia. Aluminum plates, mounted in Panel with mica heater inside. 2.Instrumental panel consisting of- a)Voltmeter and ammeter for input measurement to both heaters through a selector switch. b)Separate dimmers for both the plates. c)Multichannel digital temperature indicator. A technical manual accompanies the unit.SERVICES REQUIRED:
1.Space area of 1.5m x 1 m. at working height. 2.230v, 15A, AC supply with earthing connection
Specific Heat Of Air Apparatus
The apparatus consists of heating element on which the air is blown. The difference in temperature of air is shown by the temperature indicator. The flow of air is measured by the orifice meter. The input to the heater is measured by voltmeter and ammeter. Thus the specific heat of air can be found out.
SPECIFICATIONS:
1.Air blower connected to FHP motor. 2.Orifice meter to measure the air flow, Heater – 1 KW heating coil placed centrally in the test section. 3.Multi channel digital temperature indicator – range 0 to 300 c. 4.Voltmeter and ammeter to measure the heat Input.SERVICES REQUIRED:
1.220 volts single phase stabilized AC Electric supply. 2.Floor space – 2 m. X 1 m. X 2 m. Height.
Lagged Pipe Apparatus
Lagged Pipe Apparatus:
The apparatus consists of three concentric pipes mounted on suitable stand. The space between innermost and the middle pipe is fifed with a lagging material and the space between the middle and the outer most is filled with and other lagging material. The lagged pipe is heated with a cartridge heater inserted at the axle length of the pipe. Voltmeter and ammeter on the panel can measure the input to the heater. The intermediate temperatures can be measured by the thermocouples attached at the surfaces of the pipe. Thus the resultant conductivity of the materials can be found out.
SPECIFICATIONS:
1.Pipes : a)Gl pipe (innermost) – 6 cm. (Outer Diameter). b) Gl Pipe (Middle) – 8.5 cm. (Mean Diameter) c)G! Pipe (Outermost) – 10.7 cm. (inner Diameter) d)Length of pipes 1 Meter. 2.Heater : Nichrome wire cartridge heater placed centrally, of suitable capacity. 3.Control Panel : a)Single Phase Dimmerstat – 1 No. b)Voltmeter (0 – 250V) – 1 No. c)Ammeter (0- 2A) – 1 No. 4.Temperature Indicator : Multichannel Digital Temperature Indicator ranging (0 – 300 C) using Cr/AI ThermocouplesServices Required:
1. A.C. Single Phase 230 V electric supply 2. Floor Area-1.5 Meter X 1 Meter X 0.5 Meter High
Theramal Conductivity Of Insulating Slabs
The apparatus consists of a slab assembly. The main Heater and a radial guard heater are sandwiched between copper plates. The specimen in the form of slabs of equal thickness are placed on either sides of heaters and cooling plates through which water is circulated are on the other Sides of the specimen. The radial guard heater ensures all heat of the main heater to pass axially through the specimens which is collected by cooling plates. By knowing the temperatures and Heat input, thermal conductivity of specimen can be calculated. The test set up is enclosed in an enclosure with insulation inside to provide undisturbed Surroundings. The design style of the apparatus is similar to as recommended in INDIAN standard. The difference is in sizes.
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