Description
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Thermal Conductivity Of Liquid
Thermal conductivity of is an important engineering property. The apparatus uses guarded hot plate method for determining thermal conductivity. It consists of hot plate i.e. an electrical heater sandwiched between two plates. The heat loss from hot plate is prevented by using two guard heaters and heat of removes heat from liquid by circulation of water. Input to heaters the temperatures.
SPECIFICATIONS:
1.Guarded hot plate assembly comprising of main heater, ring guard heater and top guard heater, mounted over the liquid test cavity.
2.Cold plate assembly provided with water connections.
3.The assembly is housed in an enclosure box with glass wool insulation.
4.Instruments panel consisting of :
a).Digital voltmeter and ammeter of suitable range.
b).Dimmerstat for controlling input to the heaters (2 amp. 3 Nos.)
c).Multichannel digital temperature indicator.
SERVICES REQUIRED:
1.Floor space of about 0.75m. x 1.5m. at working height.
2.230v. AC electrical supply with earthling connection.
3.Water flow rate of about 10- 15 lit/min. at constant head.
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Thermal Conductivity Of Insulating Powder
The apparatus consists of an insulating powder, which is enclosed in a cavity of two concentric spheres. The inner space of the inner sphere contains the mica heater. Input to the heater can be adjusted by the dimmerstat. The tappings on the surfaces of the inner sphere and outer sphere are used to find out the temperature difference between the spheres. This enables to find out the conductivity of powder.
Specifications:
1.Inner sphere dia. 100mm and outer sphere dia. 200mm. 2.Mica heater two heat the inner sphere surface. 3.Ten thermocouple tappings in the test section. 4.Plaster of Paris / asbestos powder in the test section. 5.Panel comprises of a)Voltmeter and ammeter b)Dimmerstat c)Temperature indicatorServices required:
1.220v stabilized single-phase supply. 2.Floor surface 1m x 0.5m at working height.
Concentric Tube Heat Exchanger
(A)Plain Tube ( Water To Water ):
The apparatus consists of two concentric tubes. Inner tube consists of copper tube through which hot water flows. While the outer tube consists of GI pipe through which cold water flows. The arrangement enables the parallel and counter flow of the cold water. The inlet and outlet temperatures and the flow measurement enable to find out the heat exchanged LMTD, and effectiveness of the equipment.
Specifications:
1.Inner copper tube I.D, 12.7mm. and outer G. I. Pipe I. D. 15mm. approx. and 1.5m. length. 2.Thermometers – 4 nos. 3.Measuring flask – 1 Lit. capacity. 4.Geyser-3 kW. Single phase.Services required
1.220v, 15A, stabilized single-phase AC supply. 2.Floor area – 3m x I m x 1 m height. (B) Finned Tube ( Water To Air ): The apparatus consists of two concentric tubes. Inner tube consists of copper tube through which hot water flows. It is finned at its outer diameter to increase the heat transfer surface. While the outer tube consists of GI pipe through which cold air flows. The arrangement enables the parallel and counter flow of the air. The inlet and outlet temperatures and the flow measurement enable to find out the heat exchanged LMTD, and effectiveness of the equipment.Specifications:
1.Inner copper tube I.D. 12.7mm. and outer G. I. Pipe I. D. 25mm. approx. and 1m. length. 2.Thermometers – 4 nos. 3.Orifice meter along with manometer. 4.Measuring flask – 1 Lit. Capacity. 5.Geyser-3 kW. Single phase.Services Required
1.220v, 15A, stabilized single-phase AC supply. 2.Floor area – 3m x 1m x 1m height.
Thermal Conductivity Of Metal Rod
The apparatus consists of a copper bar, which is heated at one end, a heat sink is provided at other end. The test section of bar is properly insulated and thermocouples are attached along the length of bar. Heat conducted through the section of bar is measured by heat collection in water-cooled heat sink. A panel comprising of controls and measurements is provided, which provides easy operation and sturdy mounting of unit.
SPECIFICATIONS:
1.Metal Bar – 25mm of adequate length, provided with 8 Thermocouples along the length, Band heater at one end and water-cooled heat sink at other end. Test portion of bar is insulated. 2.Instruments panel comprising of. Voltmeter … 1No. Ammeter … 1No. Dimmerstat 0-230v, 2A, capacity. Multichannel Digital temperature Indicator. 3.Measuring flask and stop clockSERVICES REQUIRED:
1.Bench area of 1.5m. x 1m. at working height. 2.230 v, AC, electric supply with earthing connection. 3.Water supply at the rate of 2 lit/mm
Plate Type Heat Exchanger Apparatus
The unit consists of a plate type heat exchanger, in which cold fluid is cold water and hot fluid is hot water, which is obtained from geyser. The inlet and outer connections of the fluids are positioned so as to make the exchanger counter flow type. Hot and cold fluids pass between alternate plates various measurements provided enables the students to determine heat transfer rate, LMTD, heat transfer coefficients and effectiveness of the heat exchanger.
SPECIFICATIONS:
1.Heat Exchanger- S.S. Plate heat exchanger wiles nos. of 200 X 400mm. 2.Geyser to obtain hot water – 3 KW capacity. 3.Calibrated water flow measuring vessel 4.Thermometers to measure inlet and outlet temperatures of fluid. 5.Flow controls valves. A technical manual accompanies the unit.OPTIONAL ACCESSORIES:
Rotameters to measure water flow rates instead of measuring vessel. Multi channel digital temperature Indicator to measure the temperatures instead of thermometers.SERVICES REQUIRED:
1.Floor space 1.5m. X 1m, 2.230V, 15A, AC supply with earthing connection, 3.Water supply at the rate of about 10 lit/min at constant heat.
Forced Convection Apparatus
The unit consists of a circular pipe; loosing heat by forced convection to air, being forced through it. Constant heat flux is added to pipe by an electrical heater, provided with input control. The pipe surface temperature is measured at various points along length of pipe. Temperature of air at inlet and outlet of test section are measured. Thus the students can calculate local and overall heat transfer coefficients in forced convection, at various airflow rates and various heat flux values.
SPECIFICATIONS:
1.Test pipe – 32mm NB GI pipe, 500 mm. long, heated by band heater, outside. Centrifugal blower to force air through test pipe with How control valve. 2.Variac 2A, capacity to force air through test pipe with flow control valve. 3.An orifice meter with differential water manometer. 4.Voltmeter and Ammeter to measure heater input. 5.Multichannel digital temperature indicator to measures various temperatures. 6.A technical manual accompanies the unit.SERVICES REQUIRED:
1.Bench area of about 1m. x 0.75 m. at working height. 2.239v, 15A, AC, supply with earthing connection.
Heat Transfer In Aagitated Vessel
The unit consists of a vessel with class wool insulation ail around. A helical coil made of copper is fixed inside the vessel. A motorized agitator is fixed at the center of the coil. The vessel is provided with an electric heater and a controller is also provided for vessel. Heater heats water in the jacket while cold water is circulated through coll. Temperature of circulated water and water In vessel Is measured and thus heat transfer coefficient at various agitator speeds can be determined.
SPECIFICATIONS:
1.Vessel approx. 20 lit. capacity, provided with glass wool insulation all around and electric heater at the bottom. 2.Agitator 150 mm dia, with 1/8 HP motor to drive the agitator. 3.Helical coil – 200 dia, 8 turns, made of 3/8″ dia. copper tube. 4.Controllers for heater and agitator motor. 5.Temp. Indicator for vessel water temperature and circulated water inlet and outlet.SERVICES REQUIRED:
1.Single phase 230V, 15 A stabilized supply. 2.Water flow at the rate of 4 to 5 lit. per min. 3.Suitable drain arrangement for water. 4.Floor area -1.5 mtr. X 1 mtr. X 1 mir height.
Composite Walls Apparatus
Composite Walls Apparatus:
The apparatus consists of a pair of M.S. plates, Bakelite, brass/aluminum. These plates in series on either side of the heater form a composite wall. The whole unit is clamped in a frame, which can be viewed through the Perspex sheet. The thermocouple tapings enables us to find out the conductivity and resistance of the composite walls.
SPECIFICATIONS:
1.Heater- Mica healer of dia. 250 mm. 2.Plates- a) M.S. plates of thickness 25mm & dia. 250mm.-2 nos. b) Bakelite plates of thickness 10mm & dia. 250mm.-2 nos. c)Brass/Aluminum plates of thickness 15mm & dia. 250mm.-2nos 3.Dimmerstat – 2 A capacity. 4.Measurements — a) voltmeter and an Ammeter to measure input power. b) Multichannel digital temperature indicator to measure temperatures at- various points. A technical manual accompanies the unit.SERVICES REQUIRED:
230 V, A.C. stabilized supply along with earthing connection. Bench area Im x lm x 0.5m height
Emissivity Measurement Apparatus
The apparatus consists of a test plate and a comparator. A black plate is used as a comparator for test plate. When all the physical, dimensions and the temperatures are equal, heat losses from both plates will also be the same, except radiation losses. Hence the input difference will be due to difference in emissive. Both the plates are kept in a panel enclose with perplex front and are given inputs through separate dimmerstats so that temperatures of both can be kept equal. Thus emissivity can determine over a wide range of temperatures.
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