Description
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Thermal Conductivity Of Metal Rod
The apparatus consists of a copper bar, which is heated at one end, a heat sink is provided at other end. The test section of bar is properly insulated and thermocouples are attached along the length of bar. Heat conducted through the section of bar is measured by heat collection in water-cooled heat sink. A panel comprising of controls and measurements is provided, which provides easy operation and sturdy mounting of unit.
SPECIFICATIONS:
1.Metal Bar – 25mm of adequate length, provided with 8 Thermocouples along the length, Band heater at one end and water-cooled heat sink at other end. Test portion of bar is insulated.
2.Instruments panel comprising of.
Voltmeter … 1No.
Ammeter … 1No.
Dimmerstat 0-230v, 2A, capacity.
Multichannel Digital temperature Indicator.
3.Measuring flask and stop clock
SERVICES REQUIRED:
1.Bench area of 1.5m. x 1m. at working height.
2.230 v, AC, electric supply with earthing connection.
3.Water supply at the rate of 2 lit/mm
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Stefan Boltzmans Apparatus
The Stefan Boltzmann constant is an important constant in heat transfer. The apparatus determines Stefan Boltzmann constant. The apparatus consists of a hemisphere surrounded by hot water. Hot water is obtained from a water-heating tank. When the blackened disc is inserted at the center of hemisphere, heat is transferred into the disc from hemisphere by radiation and its temperature begins to rise, and from temperature raise rate. (It is measured at the intervals of 5 sec.) Stefan Boltzmann constant is determined.
SPECIFICATIONS:
Water heating tank provided with electric immersion heater. Hemisphere made of copper sheet, 200mm. dia. Surrounded water jacket of 250mm. Dia. Test disc made of copper 20mm. dia. provided with thermocouple at the center. Multichannel digital temperature indicator 0-200 C with 0.1C least counts to measure the temperature of hemisphere and disc. Audible buzzer with timer to ring at every 5 seconds. A technical manual accompanies the unit.SERVICES REQUIRED:
1.Bench area of about 1m. x 05m. at working height. 2.230v, 15A, AC, electric supply with earthing connection
Concentric Tube Heat Exchanger
(A)Plain Tube ( Water To Water ):
The apparatus consists of two concentric tubes. Inner tube consists of copper tube through which hot water flows. While the outer tube consists of GI pipe through which cold water flows. The arrangement enables the parallel and counter flow of the cold water. The inlet and outlet temperatures and the flow measurement enable to find out the heat exchanged LMTD, and effectiveness of the equipment.
Specifications:
1.Inner copper tube I.D, 12.7mm. and outer G. I. Pipe I. D. 15mm. approx. and 1.5m. length. 2.Thermometers – 4 nos. 3.Measuring flask – 1 Lit. capacity. 4.Geyser-3 kW. Single phase.Services required
1.220v, 15A, stabilized single-phase AC supply. 2.Floor area – 3m x I m x 1 m height. (B) Finned Tube ( Water To Air ): The apparatus consists of two concentric tubes. Inner tube consists of copper tube through which hot water flows. It is finned at its outer diameter to increase the heat transfer surface. While the outer tube consists of GI pipe through which cold air flows. The arrangement enables the parallel and counter flow of the air. The inlet and outlet temperatures and the flow measurement enable to find out the heat exchanged LMTD, and effectiveness of the equipment.Specifications:
1.Inner copper tube I.D. 12.7mm. and outer G. I. Pipe I. D. 25mm. approx. and 1m. length. 2.Thermometers – 4 nos. 3.Orifice meter along with manometer. 4.Measuring flask – 1 Lit. Capacity. 5.Geyser-3 kW. Single phase.Services Required
1.220v, 15A, stabilized single-phase AC supply. 2.Floor area – 3m x 1m x 1m height.
Lagged Pipe Apparatus
Lagged Pipe Apparatus:
The apparatus consists of three concentric pipes mounted on suitable stand. The space between innermost and the middle pipe is fifed with a lagging material and the space between the middle and the outer most is filled with and other lagging material. The lagged pipe is heated with a cartridge heater inserted at the axle length of the pipe. Voltmeter and ammeter on the panel can measure the input to the heater. The intermediate temperatures can be measured by the thermocouples attached at the surfaces of the pipe. Thus the resultant conductivity of the materials can be found out.
SPECIFICATIONS:
1.Pipes : a)Gl pipe (innermost) – 6 cm. (Outer Diameter). b) Gl Pipe (Middle) – 8.5 cm. (Mean Diameter) c)G! Pipe (Outermost) – 10.7 cm. (inner Diameter) d)Length of pipes 1 Meter. 2.Heater : Nichrome wire cartridge heater placed centrally, of suitable capacity. 3.Control Panel : a)Single Phase Dimmerstat – 1 No. b)Voltmeter (0 – 250V) – 1 No. c)Ammeter (0- 2A) – 1 No. 4.Temperature Indicator : Multichannel Digital Temperature Indicator ranging (0 – 300 C) using Cr/AI ThermocouplesServices Required:
1. A.C. Single Phase 230 V electric supply 2. Floor Area-1.5 Meter X 1 Meter X 0.5 Meter High
Forced Convection Apparatus
The unit consists of a circular pipe; loosing heat by forced convection to air, being forced through it. Constant heat flux is added to pipe by an electrical heater, provided with input control. The pipe surface temperature is measured at various points along length of pipe. Temperature of air at inlet and outlet of test section are measured. Thus the students can calculate local and overall heat transfer coefficients in forced convection, at various airflow rates and various heat flux values.
SPECIFICATIONS:
1.Test pipe – 32mm NB GI pipe, 500 mm. long, heated by band heater, outside. Centrifugal blower to force air through test pipe with How control valve. 2.Variac 2A, capacity to force air through test pipe with flow control valve. 3.An orifice meter with differential water manometer. 4.Voltmeter and Ammeter to measure heater input. 5.Multichannel digital temperature indicator to measures various temperatures. 6.A technical manual accompanies the unit.SERVICES REQUIRED:
1.Bench area of about 1m. x 0.75 m. at working height. 2.239v, 15A, AC, supply with earthing connection.
Critical Heat Flux Apparatus
The apparatus demonstrates the regimes of pool boiling. The test section consists of a test wire surrounded by water of constant temperature. The surface temperature of the test wire is heated by passing current through it. Due to the temperature difference between the wire surface and surroundings, the difference regimes are observed till the burnout point.
Specifications:
1.Test wire -35 gauge or 40 gauges. Length = 10cm. 2.Nichrome heater- 1 kw capacity – 1 nos. 3.Glass trough of sufficient capacity. 4.Table light to observe the test wire. 5.Voltmeter and ammeter to measure the input to the test wire. 6.Dimmerstat to adjust the voltage. A technical manual accompanies the unit.SERVICES REQUIRED:
1.220v, ISA, stabilized single-phase supply. 2.Floor surface- 1m x 1m at working height.
Composite Walls Apparatus
Composite Walls Apparatus:
The apparatus consists of a pair of M.S. plates, Bakelite, brass/aluminum. These plates in series on either side of the heater form a composite wall. The whole unit is clamped in a frame, which can be viewed through the Perspex sheet. The thermocouple tapings enables us to find out the conductivity and resistance of the composite walls.
SPECIFICATIONS:
1.Heater- Mica healer of dia. 250 mm. 2.Plates- a) M.S. plates of thickness 25mm & dia. 250mm.-2 nos. b) Bakelite plates of thickness 10mm & dia. 250mm.-2 nos. c)Brass/Aluminum plates of thickness 15mm & dia. 250mm.-2nos 3.Dimmerstat – 2 A capacity. 4.Measurements — a) voltmeter and an Ammeter to measure input power. b) Multichannel digital temperature indicator to measure temperatures at- various points. A technical manual accompanies the unit.SERVICES REQUIRED:
230 V, A.C. stabilized supply along with earthing connection. Bench area Im x lm x 0.5m height
Thermal Conductivity Of Liquid
Thermal conductivity of is an important engineering property. The apparatus uses guarded hot plate method for determining thermal conductivity. It consists of hot plate i.e. an electrical heater sandwiched between two plates. The heat loss from hot plate is prevented by using two guard heaters and heat of removes heat from liquid by circulation of water. Input to heaters the temperatures.
SPECIFICATIONS:
1.Guarded hot plate assembly comprising of main heater, ring guard heater and top guard heater, mounted over the liquid test cavity. 2.Cold plate assembly provided with water connections. 3.The assembly is housed in an enclosure box with glass wool insulation. 4.Instruments panel consisting of : a).Digital voltmeter and ammeter of suitable range. b).Dimmerstat for controlling input to the heaters (2 amp. 3 Nos.) c).Multichannel digital temperature indicator.SERVICES REQUIRED:
1.Floor space of about 0.75m. x 1.5m. at working height. 2.230v. AC electrical supply with earthling connection. 3.Water flow rate of about 10- 15 lit/min. at constant head.
Heat Pipe Apparatus
Heat Pipe Apparatus:
Heat pipe is an interesting device, which is used to transfer heat from one location to another.
The apparatus consists of three pipes, viz. A heat pipe, copper pipe and stainless steel pipe. Ail the pipes have same physical dimensions. Copper and stainless steel pipes serve the purpose of comparison of heat pipe performance. All pipes are mounted vertically with a band heater at lower end and water filled heat sink at upper end. Nearly isothermal operation of heat pipe is clearly visualized from longitudinal temperature distribution of the pipe.
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