Thin Cylinder Apparatus

AIM To find out dryness fraction of steam by combined separating and throttling calorimeter.

PRODUCT DETAILS

The steam passing out from separating calorimeter may still contain some water vapour , in it . in other words it may not be absolutely dry . again , in a throttling calorimeter steam after passing through the throttle valve must be superheated or at least dry saturated . this limits the extent of dryness fraction that can be reliably measured , depend up on the pressure of steam in the main steam pipe . if a sample of steam, which may be still wet after passing through the throttle valve i.e it will not be superheated . thus under this condition the throttling calorimeter fails to enable us in determining the value of dryness fraction of steam . to overcome this difficulties we make use of separating and throttling calorimeter . first the steam is passed through separating calorimeter where itlosses most of it’s moisture and becomes comparatively drier, it is than passed through the throttling calorimeter where super heating takes place with out changr of total heat . the temperature and pressure of steam after throttling are measured by using a thermometer and manometer respectively.

DESCRIPTION

The set up consist of a separating and throttling calorimeter . a steam generator is provided at the base of the apparatus . a thermostat knob is provided at the front of apparatus to control the temperature inside the steam generator . steam from steam generator is passed from separating calorimeter where most of the water partical get separated from steam and then passed to throttling calorimeter where steam get superheated . after that superheated steam passed through heat exchanger to condense the steam.

SAPARATING CALORIMETER

It consist of two concentric chamber , the inner chamber ,and the outer chamber . which communicates with each other through an opening at the top. As the steam discharge through the metal baskets ,which has a large number of holes , the water partical due to there heavier momentum get separated from the steam and collected in the chamber. The comparatively dry steam in the inner chamber moves up and than down aging through the annular space between the two chambers and enters the throttling calorimeter .

THROTTLING CALORIMETER

It consist a narrow throat . pressure and temperature are measured by manometer and thermometer . the steam after throttling process passed through the heat exchanger and condensate is collected .

UTILITIES REQURIED

1.WATER SUPPLY 3 lit/min (approx) 2.Drain 3.Electric supply : 1phase , 220 V A.C , 2Amp. 4.Steam table for calculation 5.Space required : 1.0 m X 1.0 m

Introduction:

Steam Power Plant Working Unit – This Unit Helps The Students To Understand The Complete System Of A Thermal Power Plat. 1.Heat Energy Converts Water Into Steam 2.Steam Pressure When Moves A Engine Or Turbine Produces Mechanical Energy 3.Finally Mechanical Energy Is Converted Into Electricity Through Alternator

Parts Details Of Boiler:

1.Boiler — For The Generation Of Steam We Have Provided Electrically Heated Boiler. 2.Diameter Of Boiler – 400 mm 3.Length Of Boiler – 600 mm 4.Heater 2 Pcs. – 3 KW (Each)

The test rig comprises of a Single stage air compressor fitted with an air tank with orifice, pressure gauges, and an energy meter to measure the input & a Temperature indicator measures the temperatures at various points. The compressor is mounted on air receiver along with the motor, and is provided with air relief valve (safety) and a pressure switch. The unit determines volumetric efficiency and isothermal efficiency at various discharge pressures

SPECIFICATIONS:

1.Air compressor – Single cylinder, Single stage type driven by a 2 hp. Three phase motor mounted on air receiver provided with delivery valve. 2.Air tank and orifice with water manometer for air intake measurement. 3.Pressure gauge to measure the discharge pressure. 4.Digital temperature indicator. 5.Energy meter to measure input power. 6.A technical manual accompanies the equipments .

SERVICES REQUIRED:

1.Floor space of 2.5 X 1,5m. 2.440 V, 15A, 3ph. AC supply with neutral and earthing connection. 3.A hand tachometer.

LIST OF EXPERIMENTS

1.Intoduction of Relay and Contactor. 2.Introduction of Proximity Sensor, Capacitive & Photoelectric Sensor, Limit Switch. 3.Introduction to Pressure Switch, Electrical Counter, ON Timer & OFF Timer. 4.Operation of single acting cylinder with single sol. valve and single limit switch. 5.Operation of double acting cylinder with single sol. valve and single limit switch. 6.Continuous operation of double acting cylinder with single solenoid valve and two limit switches. 7.Operation of double acting cylinder with single solenoid valve, AND gate of electrical switches. 8.Operation of double acting cylinder with single solenoid valve, OR gate of electrical switches. 9.Operation of double acting cylinder with single solenoid valve, NOR gate of electrical switches. 10.Operation of double acting cylinder with single solenoid valve, NAND gate of electrical switches. 11.Operation of double acting cylinder with double solenoid valve. 12.System pressure will be maintained in specified pressure limit with pressure switch. 13.Operation of double acting cylinder with single solenoid valve with ON time delay. 14.Operation of double acting cylinder with single solenoid valve with OFF time delay. 15.Continuous operation of double acting cylinder with specified no. of cycles using Counter. 16.Sequencing of Two Cylinders. Cycle is Cylinder A Extends, Cylinder B Extends, Both Cylinder retracts simultaneously. A+, B+, (A-, B-). , Sequencing of Two Cylinders. Cycle is Cylinder A Extends, Cylinder B Extends, Cylinder A retracts then Cylinder B retracts. A+, B+, A-, B-

SALIENT FEATURES

1.Self combined mobile unit. 2.Only electrical supply required. 3.All the components are easily accessible. 4.Real life components of reputed manufacturers provided. 5.Quick connections possible due to special fittings/pipes. 6.Tried and tested components and circuits. 7.Specially designed electrical control panel enabling students to develop their own electrical circuits. 8.Completely user friendly and highly interactive software provided with PC based Trainer. 9.Modular design with facilities to operate simple mechanisms. 10.Pneumatically operated models available as additional supply. 11.Training of Trainers offered at regular intervals. 12.Two years performance guarantee for any manufacturing defects.