Description
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Heat Pipe Apparatus
Heat Pipe Apparatus:
Heat pipe is an interesting device, which is used to transfer heat from one location to another.
The apparatus consists of three pipes, viz. A heat pipe, copper pipe and stainless steel pipe. Ail the pipes have same physical dimensions. Copper and stainless steel pipes serve the purpose of comparison of heat pipe performance. All pipes are mounted vertically with a band heater at lower end and water filled heat sink at upper end. Nearly isothermal operation of heat pipe is clearly visualized from longitudinal temperature distribution of the pipe.
SPECIFICATIONS:
1.Heat pipe – Stainless Steel pipe, 25 mm O.D., 450 mm. Long. Sealed at both ends, evacuated and filled partially
with distilled water – one No.
2.Copper and stainless steel pipe of same size as that of heat pipe – one each.
3.Equal capacity heater at bottom end of each pipe.
4.Water filled heat sinks at upper end of each pipe.
Measurements and controls
a) Dimmerstat to control heat input to all the heaters – 4 amp. Capacity One No.
b) A voltmeter and an ammeter to measure input to heaters One each.
c) Multichannel digital temperature indictor to measure temperatures along the length of pipes.Four
thermocouples are provided on each pipe.
v Thermometers to note down water temperatures in heat sinks – 3 Nos.
Services Required:
230 VA.C. Single Phase supply.
Floor Area = 1 m X 0.5m X 0.5 m height.
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Theramal Conductivity Of Insulating Slabs
The apparatus consists of a slab assembly. The main Heater and a radial guard heater are sandwiched between copper plates. The specimen in the form of slabs of equal thickness are placed on either sides of heaters and cooling plates through which water is circulated are on the other Sides of the specimen. The radial guard heater ensures all heat of the main heater to pass axially through the specimens which is collected by cooling plates. By knowing the temperatures and Heat input, thermal conductivity of specimen can be calculated. The test set up is enclosed in an enclosure with insulation inside to provide undisturbed Surroundings. The design style of the apparatus is similar to as recommended in INDIAN standard. The difference is in sizes.
SPECIFICATIONS:
1.Heaters: a)Main heater plate 110 mm dia. with mica heater Sandwiched between copper plates. b)Radial guard heater plate I.D. 120mm and OD 200 mm mica heater sandwiched between copper plates. 2.Water circulated cooling plates -2 nos. 3.Dimmerstat-2 A capacity – 2 nos. to independently control Inputs to the heaters. 4.Measurements – A voltmeter and an Ammeter with selector switches to measure inputs,Multichannel digital temperature indicator to measure Temperatures at various points, having 0.1 °c least count. A technical manual accompanies the unit.SERVICES REQUIRED:
1.230 V, A.C. stabilized supply along with earthing connection. 2.Water supply of about 4-5 lit/min. 3.Bench area 1m x lm x O.5m height.
Natural Convection Apparatus
The unit consists of a vertical brass pipe heated by a cartridge heater inside it. The pipe looses heat to atmosphere by natural convection. It is fitted in an enclosure to provide undisturbed natural convection currents. Thermocouples are attached on the pipe to measure local temperatures. Heater input is measured on voltmeter and ammeter. Thus students can determine overall heat transfer coefficient and local transfer coefficients in natural convection at various heat transfer rates.
SPECIFICATIONS:
1.Pipe – Brass pipe, 38mm. dia. (OD) 500mm. long, fitted with cartridge heater inside. 2.Thermocouples are fitted along with the length of pipe for Temperature measurement – 7 nos. 3.Enclosure 200mm. x 200mm. x 800mm. size, with one side of Perspex sheet. 4.Measurements & Controls a) A Dimmerstat for heater input control. b) Voltmeter and Ammeter for heater input measurement. c) Multichannel digital temperature indicator. A technical manual accompanies the unit.SERVICES REQUIRED:
1.Bench area of 1.5m x 0,75m. at working height. 2.230v, 5A, AC, electric supply with earthing connection.
Shell Tube Heat Exchanger Water To Water
Heat exchanger is the devices used to transfer the heat from one fluid to other. The shell and tube heat exchanger is two tube single pass heat exchanger. The hot fluid is hot water obtained from water heater. The coil fluid is cold water. The schematic flow arrangement is shown in figure. Hot water enters the lower side of end box, flows through the tubes in lower half of shell and comes to the other end of the shell. It reverses its direction, flows through tubes in upper half of the shell and leaves out. Cold water enters lower part of the shell passes over the tubes between the baffles and leaves out the shell through outlet at upper surface of shell.
SPECIFICATIONS:
1.Shell – 150NB, 750 m.m. long provided with end boxes. a.One end box with divider plate. b.25% cut baffles – 4 Nos. in the shell. 2.Tubes – 4.5mm I.D., 6.35mm O.D.,250 m.m. length copper tubes with triangular pitch. 3.Instantaneous water heater, 3 Kw capacity, to supply hot water. 4.Thermometer for measuring the water temperature. 5.Valves to control hot and cold water flow.SERVICES REQUIRED:
1.3 P H, AC supply 2.Floor space 1.5m. X 1m, 3.230V, 15A, AC supply with earthing connection. 4.Water supply at the rate of about 10 lit/min at constant heat.
Lagged Pipe Apparatus
Lagged Pipe Apparatus:
The apparatus consists of three concentric pipes mounted on suitable stand. The space between innermost and the middle pipe is fifed with a lagging material and the space between the middle and the outer most is filled with and other lagging material. The lagged pipe is heated with a cartridge heater inserted at the axle length of the pipe. Voltmeter and ammeter on the panel can measure the input to the heater. The intermediate temperatures can be measured by the thermocouples attached at the surfaces of the pipe. Thus the resultant conductivity of the materials can be found out.
SPECIFICATIONS:
1.Pipes : a)Gl pipe (innermost) – 6 cm. (Outer Diameter). b) Gl Pipe (Middle) – 8.5 cm. (Mean Diameter) c)G! Pipe (Outermost) – 10.7 cm. (inner Diameter) d)Length of pipes 1 Meter. 2.Heater : Nichrome wire cartridge heater placed centrally, of suitable capacity. 3.Control Panel : a)Single Phase Dimmerstat – 1 No. b)Voltmeter (0 – 250V) – 1 No. c)Ammeter (0- 2A) – 1 No. 4.Temperature Indicator : Multichannel Digital Temperature Indicator ranging (0 – 300 C) using Cr/AI ThermocouplesServices Required:
1. A.C. Single Phase 230 V electric supply 2. Floor Area-1.5 Meter X 1 Meter X 0.5 Meter High
Pin Fin Appatatus
The apparatus consists of a channel in which the pin fin is tested in both natural as well as forced convection. The channel is connected to the suction of blower. The blower is operated to touch the pin fin in forced convection only. In natural convection, the window above the pin fin is kept open to the atmosphere. Five thermocouple tapings are given along the length of the fin. Thus the temperature distribution along the length can be distinguished. Also natural and forced heat transfer co-efficient, effectiveness, etc. can be found out.
Specifications:
1.Three pin fins- a) M. S. b) Brass c) Al 2.Channel- 150mm x 100mm x 1000mm 3.Blower – run by f.h.p. motor. 4.Orifice meter along with water manometer to measure airflow. 5.Voltmeter and ammeter to measure power input. 6.Cr- Al thermocouple with 6 tapings along with temperature indicator. 7.Dimmerstat to control power input. 8.A band heater to heat the pin fin. A technical manual accompanies the unit.Services required:
1.220v, stabilized single phase supply along with earthing Connection. 2.Floor area 2m x 1m x 1m height.
Heat Transfer In Aagitated Vessel
The unit consists of a vessel with class wool insulation ail around. A helical coil made of copper is fixed inside the vessel. A motorized agitator is fixed at the center of the coil. The vessel is provided with an electric heater and a controller is also provided for vessel. Heater heats water in the jacket while cold water is circulated through coll. Temperature of circulated water and water In vessel Is measured and thus heat transfer coefficient at various agitator speeds can be determined.
SPECIFICATIONS:
1.Vessel approx. 20 lit. capacity, provided with glass wool insulation all around and electric heater at the bottom. 2.Agitator 150 mm dia, with 1/8 HP motor to drive the agitator. 3.Helical coil – 200 dia, 8 turns, made of 3/8″ dia. copper tube. 4.Controllers for heater and agitator motor. 5.Temp. Indicator for vessel water temperature and circulated water inlet and outlet.SERVICES REQUIRED:
1.Single phase 230V, 15 A stabilized supply. 2.Water flow at the rate of 4 to 5 lit. per min. 3.Suitable drain arrangement for water. 4.Floor area -1.5 mtr. X 1 mtr. X 1 mir height.
Critical Heat Flux Apparatus
The apparatus demonstrates the regimes of pool boiling. The test section consists of a test wire surrounded by water of constant temperature. The surface temperature of the test wire is heated by passing current through it. Due to the temperature difference between the wire surface and surroundings, the difference regimes are observed till the burnout point.
Specifications:
1.Test wire -35 gauge or 40 gauges. Length = 10cm. 2.Nichrome heater- 1 kw capacity – 1 nos. 3.Glass trough of sufficient capacity. 4.Table light to observe the test wire. 5.Voltmeter and ammeter to measure the input to the test wire. 6.Dimmerstat to adjust the voltage. A technical manual accompanies the unit.SERVICES REQUIRED:
1.220v, ISA, stabilized single-phase supply. 2.Floor surface- 1m x 1m at working height.
Citical Radius Of Insulating Material
Citical Radius of Insulating Material:
At particular radius of insulation over a cylinder, loss of heat is maximum. The unit consists of a G.I. pipe provided with plaster of Paris insulation on out side surface. Four pipes are provided with heater inside having input control. Input to heaters is measured by common voltmeter and ammeter, by controlling input to heaters, it is shown that critical radius of insulation is ratio of thermal conductivity and outside heat transfer co-efficient.
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