Description
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Heat Pipe Apparatus
Heat Pipe Apparatus:
Heat pipe is an interesting device, which is used to transfer heat from one location to another.
The apparatus consists of three pipes, viz. A heat pipe, copper pipe and stainless steel pipe. Ail the pipes have same physical dimensions. Copper and stainless steel pipes serve the purpose of comparison of heat pipe performance. All pipes are mounted vertically with a band heater at lower end and water filled heat sink at upper end. Nearly isothermal operation of heat pipe is clearly visualized from longitudinal temperature distribution of the pipe.
SPECIFICATIONS:
1.Heat pipe – Stainless Steel pipe, 25 mm O.D., 450 mm. Long. Sealed at both ends, evacuated and filled partially
with distilled water – one No.
2.Copper and stainless steel pipe of same size as that of heat pipe – one each.
3.Equal capacity heater at bottom end of each pipe.
4.Water filled heat sinks at upper end of each pipe.
Measurements and controls
a) Dimmerstat to control heat input to all the heaters – 4 amp. Capacity One No.
b) A voltmeter and an ammeter to measure input to heaters One each.
c) Multichannel digital temperature indictor to measure temperatures along the length of pipes.Four
thermocouples are provided on each pipe.
v Thermometers to note down water temperatures in heat sinks – 3 Nos.
Services Required:
230 VA.C. Single Phase supply.
Floor Area = 1 m X 0.5m X 0.5 m height.
Related products
Citical Radius Of Insulating Material
Citical Radius of Insulating Material:
At particular radius of insulation over a cylinder, loss of heat is maximum. The unit consists of a G.I. pipe provided with plaster of Paris insulation on out side surface. Four pipes are provided with heater inside having input control. Input to heaters is measured by common voltmeter and ammeter, by controlling input to heaters, it is shown that critical radius of insulation is ratio of thermal conductivity and outside heat transfer co-efficient.
SPECIFICATIONS:
1.G. I. Pipes with electrical heater inside – 4 Nos. 2.Insulation over the pipes of different thickness. 3.Controls and Measurements – a) Dimmerstat to control heater input – 4 Nos. b) A voltmeter and ammeter to measure inputs to heater. c) Digital temperature indicator to measure temperatures across insulation. d) Necessary switches and controls. A technical manual accompanies the unit.SERVICES REQUIRED:
230 V, 5 Amp., A.C., Supply with earthing connection. Floor Area of 1 m. X 1 m X 1.5m. height.
Concentric Tube Heat Exchanger
(A)Plain Tube ( Water To Water ):
The apparatus consists of two concentric tubes. Inner tube consists of copper tube through which hot water flows. While the outer tube consists of GI pipe through which cold water flows. The arrangement enables the parallel and counter flow of the cold water. The inlet and outlet temperatures and the flow measurement enable to find out the heat exchanged LMTD, and effectiveness of the equipment.
Specifications:
1.Inner copper tube I.D, 12.7mm. and outer G. I. Pipe I. D. 15mm. approx. and 1.5m. length. 2.Thermometers – 4 nos. 3.Measuring flask – 1 Lit. capacity. 4.Geyser-3 kW. Single phase.Services required
1.220v, 15A, stabilized single-phase AC supply. 2.Floor area – 3m x I m x 1 m height. (B) Finned Tube ( Water To Air ): The apparatus consists of two concentric tubes. Inner tube consists of copper tube through which hot water flows. It is finned at its outer diameter to increase the heat transfer surface. While the outer tube consists of GI pipe through which cold air flows. The arrangement enables the parallel and counter flow of the air. The inlet and outlet temperatures and the flow measurement enable to find out the heat exchanged LMTD, and effectiveness of the equipment.Specifications:
1.Inner copper tube I.D. 12.7mm. and outer G. I. Pipe I. D. 25mm. approx. and 1m. length. 2.Thermometers – 4 nos. 3.Orifice meter along with manometer. 4.Measuring flask – 1 Lit. Capacity. 5.Geyser-3 kW. Single phase.Services Required
1.220v, 15A, stabilized single-phase AC supply. 2.Floor area – 3m x 1m x 1m height.
Thermal Conductivity Of Insulating Powder
The apparatus consists of an insulating powder, which is enclosed in a cavity of two concentric spheres. The inner space of the inner sphere contains the mica heater. Input to the heater can be adjusted by the dimmerstat. The tappings on the surfaces of the inner sphere and outer sphere are used to find out the temperature difference between the spheres. This enables to find out the conductivity of powder.
Specifications:
1.Inner sphere dia. 100mm and outer sphere dia. 200mm. 2.Mica heater two heat the inner sphere surface. 3.Ten thermocouple tappings in the test section. 4.Plaster of Paris / asbestos powder in the test section. 5.Panel comprises of a)Voltmeter and ammeter b)Dimmerstat c)Temperature indicatorServices required:
1.220v stabilized single-phase supply. 2.Floor surface 1m x 0.5m at working height.
Natural Convection Apparatus
The unit consists of a vertical brass pipe heated by a cartridge heater inside it. The pipe looses heat to atmosphere by natural convection. It is fitted in an enclosure to provide undisturbed natural convection currents. Thermocouples are attached on the pipe to measure local temperatures. Heater input is measured on voltmeter and ammeter. Thus students can determine overall heat transfer coefficient and local transfer coefficients in natural convection at various heat transfer rates.
SPECIFICATIONS:
1.Pipe – Brass pipe, 38mm. dia. (OD) 500mm. long, fitted with cartridge heater inside. 2.Thermocouples are fitted along with the length of pipe for Temperature measurement – 7 nos. 3.Enclosure 200mm. x 200mm. x 800mm. size, with one side of Perspex sheet. 4.Measurements & Controls a) A Dimmerstat for heater input control. b) Voltmeter and Ammeter for heater input measurement. c) Multichannel digital temperature indicator. A technical manual accompanies the unit.SERVICES REQUIRED:
1.Bench area of 1.5m x 0,75m. at working height. 2.230v, 5A, AC, electric supply with earthing connection.
Thermal Conductivity Of Liquid
Thermal conductivity of is an important engineering property. The apparatus uses guarded hot plate method for determining thermal conductivity. It consists of hot plate i.e. an electrical heater sandwiched between two plates. The heat loss from hot plate is prevented by using two guard heaters and heat of removes heat from liquid by circulation of water. Input to heaters the temperatures.
SPECIFICATIONS:
1.Guarded hot plate assembly comprising of main heater, ring guard heater and top guard heater, mounted over the liquid test cavity. 2.Cold plate assembly provided with water connections. 3.The assembly is housed in an enclosure box with glass wool insulation. 4.Instruments panel consisting of : a).Digital voltmeter and ammeter of suitable range. b).Dimmerstat for controlling input to the heaters (2 amp. 3 Nos.) c).Multichannel digital temperature indicator.SERVICES REQUIRED:
1.Floor space of about 0.75m. x 1.5m. at working height. 2.230v. AC electrical supply with earthling connection. 3.Water flow rate of about 10- 15 lit/min. at constant head.
Specific Heat Of Air Apparatus
The apparatus consists of heating element on which the air is blown. The difference in temperature of air is shown by the temperature indicator. The flow of air is measured by the orifice meter. The input to the heater is measured by voltmeter and ammeter. Thus the specific heat of air can be found out.
SPECIFICATIONS:
1.Air blower connected to FHP motor. 2.Orifice meter to measure the air flow, Heater – 1 KW heating coil placed centrally in the test section. 3.Multi channel digital temperature indicator – range 0 to 300 c. 4.Voltmeter and ammeter to measure the heat Input.SERVICES REQUIRED:
1.220 volts single phase stabilized AC Electric supply. 2.Floor space – 2 m. X 1 m. X 2 m. Height.
Critical Heat Flux Apparatus
The apparatus demonstrates the regimes of pool boiling. The test section consists of a test wire surrounded by water of constant temperature. The surface temperature of the test wire is heated by passing current through it. Due to the temperature difference between the wire surface and surroundings, the difference regimes are observed till the burnout point.
Specifications:
1.Test wire -35 gauge or 40 gauges. Length = 10cm. 2.Nichrome heater- 1 kw capacity – 1 nos. 3.Glass trough of sufficient capacity. 4.Table light to observe the test wire. 5.Voltmeter and ammeter to measure the input to the test wire. 6.Dimmerstat to adjust the voltage. A technical manual accompanies the unit.SERVICES REQUIRED:
1.220v, ISA, stabilized single-phase supply. 2.Floor surface- 1m x 1m at working height.
Theramal Conductivity Of Insulating Slabs
The apparatus consists of a slab assembly. The main Heater and a radial guard heater are sandwiched between copper plates. The specimen in the form of slabs of equal thickness are placed on either sides of heaters and cooling plates through which water is circulated are on the other Sides of the specimen. The radial guard heater ensures all heat of the main heater to pass axially through the specimens which is collected by cooling plates. By knowing the temperatures and Heat input, thermal conductivity of specimen can be calculated. The test set up is enclosed in an enclosure with insulation inside to provide undisturbed Surroundings. The design style of the apparatus is similar to as recommended in INDIAN standard. The difference is in sizes.
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