Description
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Lagged Pipe Apparatus
Lagged Pipe Apparatus:
The apparatus consists of three concentric pipes mounted on suitable stand. The space between innermost and the middle pipe is fifed with a lagging material and the space between the middle and the outer most is filled with and other lagging material. The lagged pipe is heated with a cartridge heater inserted at the axle length of the pipe. Voltmeter and ammeter on the panel can measure the input to the heater. The intermediate temperatures can be measured by the thermocouples attached at the surfaces of the pipe. Thus the resultant conductivity of the materials can be found out.
SPECIFICATIONS:
1.Pipes :
a)Gl pipe (innermost) – 6 cm. (Outer Diameter).
b) Gl Pipe (Middle) – 8.5 cm. (Mean Diameter)
c)G! Pipe (Outermost) – 10.7 cm. (inner Diameter)
d)Length of pipes 1 Meter.
2.Heater :
Nichrome wire cartridge heater placed centrally, of suitable capacity.
3.Control Panel :
a)Single Phase Dimmerstat – 1 No.
b)Voltmeter (0 – 250V) – 1 No.
c)Ammeter (0- 2A) – 1 No.
4.Temperature Indicator :
Multichannel Digital Temperature Indicator ranging (0 – 300 C) using Cr/AI Thermocouples
Services Required:
1. A.C. Single Phase 230 V electric supply
2. Floor Area-1.5 Meter X 1 Meter X 0.5 Meter High
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Thermal Conductivity Of Insulating Powder
The apparatus consists of an insulating powder, which is enclosed in a cavity of two concentric spheres. The inner space of the inner sphere contains the mica heater. Input to the heater can be adjusted by the dimmerstat. The tappings on the surfaces of the inner sphere and outer sphere are used to find out the temperature difference between the spheres. This enables to find out the conductivity of powder.
Specifications:
1.Inner sphere dia. 100mm and outer sphere dia. 200mm. 2.Mica heater two heat the inner sphere surface. 3.Ten thermocouple tappings in the test section. 4.Plaster of Paris / asbestos powder in the test section. 5.Panel comprises of a)Voltmeter and ammeter b)Dimmerstat c)Temperature indicatorServices required:
1.220v stabilized single-phase supply. 2.Floor surface 1m x 0.5m at working height.
Plate Type Heat Exchanger Apparatus
The unit consists of a plate type heat exchanger, in which cold fluid is cold water and hot fluid is hot water, which is obtained from geyser. The inlet and outer connections of the fluids are positioned so as to make the exchanger counter flow type. Hot and cold fluids pass between alternate plates various measurements provided enables the students to determine heat transfer rate, LMTD, heat transfer coefficients and effectiveness of the heat exchanger.
SPECIFICATIONS:
1.Heat Exchanger- S.S. Plate heat exchanger wiles nos. of 200 X 400mm. 2.Geyser to obtain hot water – 3 KW capacity. 3.Calibrated water flow measuring vessel 4.Thermometers to measure inlet and outlet temperatures of fluid. 5.Flow controls valves. A technical manual accompanies the unit.OPTIONAL ACCESSORIES:
Rotameters to measure water flow rates instead of measuring vessel. Multi channel digital temperature Indicator to measure the temperatures instead of thermometers.SERVICES REQUIRED:
1.Floor space 1.5m. X 1m, 2.230V, 15A, AC supply with earthing connection, 3.Water supply at the rate of about 10 lit/min at constant heat.
Stefan Boltzmans Apparatus
The Stefan Boltzmann constant is an important constant in heat transfer. The apparatus determines Stefan Boltzmann constant. The apparatus consists of a hemisphere surrounded by hot water. Hot water is obtained from a water-heating tank. When the blackened disc is inserted at the center of hemisphere, heat is transferred into the disc from hemisphere by radiation and its temperature begins to rise, and from temperature raise rate. (It is measured at the intervals of 5 sec.) Stefan Boltzmann constant is determined.
SPECIFICATIONS:
Water heating tank provided with electric immersion heater. Hemisphere made of copper sheet, 200mm. dia. Surrounded water jacket of 250mm. Dia. Test disc made of copper 20mm. dia. provided with thermocouple at the center. Multichannel digital temperature indicator 0-200 C with 0.1C least counts to measure the temperature of hemisphere and disc. Audible buzzer with timer to ring at every 5 seconds. A technical manual accompanies the unit.SERVICES REQUIRED:
1.Bench area of about 1m. x 05m. at working height. 2.230v, 15A, AC, electric supply with earthing connection
Natural Convection Apparatus
The unit consists of a vertical brass pipe heated by a cartridge heater inside it. The pipe looses heat to atmosphere by natural convection. It is fitted in an enclosure to provide undisturbed natural convection currents. Thermocouples are attached on the pipe to measure local temperatures. Heater input is measured on voltmeter and ammeter. Thus students can determine overall heat transfer coefficient and local transfer coefficients in natural convection at various heat transfer rates.
SPECIFICATIONS:
1.Pipe – Brass pipe, 38mm. dia. (OD) 500mm. long, fitted with cartridge heater inside. 2.Thermocouples are fitted along with the length of pipe for Temperature measurement – 7 nos. 3.Enclosure 200mm. x 200mm. x 800mm. size, with one side of Perspex sheet. 4.Measurements & Controls a) A Dimmerstat for heater input control. b) Voltmeter and Ammeter for heater input measurement. c) Multichannel digital temperature indicator. A technical manual accompanies the unit.SERVICES REQUIRED:
1.Bench area of 1.5m x 0,75m. at working height. 2.230v, 5A, AC, electric supply with earthing connection.
Emissivity Measurement Apparatus
The apparatus consists of a test plate and a comparator. A black plate is used as a comparator for test plate. When all the physical, dimensions and the temperatures are equal, heat losses from both plates will also be the same, except radiation losses. Hence the input difference will be due to difference in emissive. Both the plates are kept in a panel enclose with perplex front and are given inputs through separate dimmerstats so that temperatures of both can be kept equal. Thus emissivity can determine over a wide range of temperatures.
SPECIFICATIONS:
1.Test plate and Black plates — 160mm. Dia. Aluminum plates, mounted in Panel with mica heater inside. 2.Instrumental panel consisting of- a)Voltmeter and ammeter for input measurement to both heaters through a selector switch. b)Separate dimmers for both the plates. c)Multichannel digital temperature indicator. A technical manual accompanies the unit.SERVICES REQUIRED:
1.Space area of 1.5m x 1 m. at working height. 2.230v, 15A, AC supply with earthing connection
Composite Walls Apparatus
Composite Walls Apparatus:
The apparatus consists of a pair of M.S. plates, Bakelite, brass/aluminum. These plates in series on either side of the heater form a composite wall. The whole unit is clamped in a frame, which can be viewed through the Perspex sheet. The thermocouple tapings enables us to find out the conductivity and resistance of the composite walls.
SPECIFICATIONS:
1.Heater- Mica healer of dia. 250 mm. 2.Plates- a) M.S. plates of thickness 25mm & dia. 250mm.-2 nos. b) Bakelite plates of thickness 10mm & dia. 250mm.-2 nos. c)Brass/Aluminum plates of thickness 15mm & dia. 250mm.-2nos 3.Dimmerstat – 2 A capacity. 4.Measurements — a) voltmeter and an Ammeter to measure input power. b) Multichannel digital temperature indicator to measure temperatures at- various points. A technical manual accompanies the unit.SERVICES REQUIRED:
230 V, A.C. stabilized supply along with earthing connection. Bench area Im x lm x 0.5m height
Forced Convection Apparatus
The unit consists of a circular pipe; loosing heat by forced convection to air, being forced through it. Constant heat flux is added to pipe by an electrical heater, provided with input control. The pipe surface temperature is measured at various points along length of pipe. Temperature of air at inlet and outlet of test section are measured. Thus the students can calculate local and overall heat transfer coefficients in forced convection, at various airflow rates and various heat flux values.
SPECIFICATIONS:
1.Test pipe – 32mm NB GI pipe, 500 mm. long, heated by band heater, outside. Centrifugal blower to force air through test pipe with How control valve. 2.Variac 2A, capacity to force air through test pipe with flow control valve. 3.An orifice meter with differential water manometer. 4.Voltmeter and Ammeter to measure heater input. 5.Multichannel digital temperature indicator to measures various temperatures. 6.A technical manual accompanies the unit.SERVICES REQUIRED:
1.Bench area of about 1m. x 0.75 m. at working height. 2.239v, 15A, AC, supply with earthing connection.
Citical Radius Of Insulating Material
Citical Radius of Insulating Material:
At particular radius of insulation over a cylinder, loss of heat is maximum. The unit consists of a G.I. pipe provided with plaster of Paris insulation on out side surface. Four pipes are provided with heater inside having input control. Input to heaters is measured by common voltmeter and ammeter, by controlling input to heaters, it is shown that critical radius of insulation is ratio of thermal conductivity and outside heat transfer co-efficient.
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