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Torsion Of Rods Apparatus
INTRODUCTION:
A torsion test is quite instrumental in determining the value of modulus of rigidity of a metallic specimen. The value of modulus of rigidity can be found out thought observations made during the experiment by using the torsion equation.
APPARATUS:
1. A torsion testing machine.
2. Twist meter for measuring angles of twist
3. A steel rule and Vernier Caliper or micrometer
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Two Hinged Arch Apparatus
DESCRIPTION:
The two hinged arch is a statically indeterminate structure of the first degree. The horizontal thrust is the redundant reaction and is obtained y the use of strain energy methods. Two hinged arch is made determinate by treating it as a simply supported curved beam and horizontal thrust as a redundant reaction.EXPERIMENT:
• To study experimentally a two hinged arch for the horizontal displacement of the roller end for a given system of loading and to compare the same with those obtained analytically. • To obtain the influence line ordinates for horizontal thrust experimentally in a two hinged arch by moving a load along the span and to compare the same with those obtained theoretically.TECHNICAL SPECIFICATION:
• Apparatus has a span of 100cm and rise 25cm. • Both ends should have hinge but one of the ends should also be free to move longitudinally. • A lever arrangement fitted at this end for the application of known horizontal inward force for measuring the horizontal thrust. Along the horizontal span of the arch various points are marked at equidistant for the application of load. • This being a statically indeterminate structure of the first degree. • A dial gauge with 25mm travel (with magnetic base) is to be supplied with the apparatus. • Mild steel apparatus complete with a supporting stand and a set of weights.
Unsymmetrical Bending Apparatus
DESCRIPTION:
Apparatus consist of an angle of size 1” x 1” x 1/8” or in equivalent metric units of length 80cm is tied as a cantilever beam. The beam is fixed at one end such that the rotation of 450 intervals can be given and clamped such that the principal axis of its cross-section may be inclined at any angle with the horizontal and vertical planes. Also arrangement is provided to apply vertical load at the free end of the cantilever and to measure horizontal and vertical deflection of the free end. A dial gauge with magnetic base is supplied with the apparatus.EXPERIMENT MANUAL:
• To study the behavior of a cantilever beam under symmetrical and unsymmetrical bending. • Using a Dial gauge shown a increasing and decreasing of heights.
Bending Moment & Shear Force Apparatus
INTRODUCTION:
Shear Forces occurs when two parallel forces act out of alignment with each other. For example, in a large boiler made from sections of sheet metal plate riveted together, there is an equal and opposite force exerted on the rivets, owing to the expansion and contraction of the plates. Bending Moments are rotational forces within the beam that cause bending. At any point within a beam, the Bending Moment is the sum of: each external force multiplied by the distance that is perpendicular to the direction of the force.EXPERIMENT MANUAL:
1. To verify the Shear force a cross-section of the beam. 2. To verify the bending moment in cross–section of beam with a flexure condition.APPARTUS SPECIFICATION:
1. Dimensions : 158 cm X 45cm X (h)60cm 2. Total Beam Length : 160 cm with flexure 3. Width of Beam : 5 cm 4. Distance of Length in between : 5 cm 5. Height of beam : 36 mm 6. No. of Hanger for weights : 3 7. No. of Spring Balance : 2 (of 10kg) 8. Total Weight of Apparatus : 13.1 kgACCESSORY REQUIRES:
1. Shear force apparatus 2. Bending Moment Apparatus 3. Hangers 4. Weights 5. Two Spring balances – 10kgs
Suspension Bridge Apparatus
DESCRIPTION:
Cables are frequently used to support loads over large spans such as cable stayed for suspension bridges, cable car systems and stadium roof. They are used extensively for permanent guys on structures such as microwave towers and derricks. They are also used for temporary guys during erection. The only force in a cable is direct tension. They are too flexible to carry any moment. A cable is used to carry concentrated loads, uniformly distributed load along its length and uniformly distributed load along the horizontal span. It takes the shape of a polygon under concentrated loads, a catenary under uniform load along its length (such as its own weight), and a parabola under uniform load along the horizontal span.EXPERIMENT:
• Study the Extension of each spring Balance Left & Right Both. • Study of the effect of a point loadTECHNICAL SPECIFICATION:
• Apparatus Consists of two mild steel cables 0.5cm diameter in cross section and 150cm long, pinned to two supports 90cm apart situated symmetrically. • One of the ends can be converted to a roller by applying a known load at the end with the help of suspended pulley system. • Vertical loads can be applied at various points along the span of the beam. • A dial gauge with 25mm travel (with a magnetic base) is to be supplied with the apparatus complete with a supporting stand and a set of weights.
Portal Frame Apparatus
DESCRIPTION:
Portal Frames used for the measurement of horizontal reaction are made stiffer by using M. S. flats rectangular cross section (10mm thick and 40mm wide). All are true to shape. The ends can be other fixed of hinged as desired. The end at which horizontal reaction, is to be measured, is provided with ball bearing rollers, which easily rolls on a smooth rolling platform. At the roller end a chord is attached which is connected further to spring balance. The spring balance records the horizontal reaction, for the measurement of slope and deflection. Both the columns of the portal frame can be clamped (fixed) or pivoted (hinged) and required.EXPERIMENT:
• To study the behavior of a portal frame under different end conditions.TECHNICAL SPECIFICATION:
• Apparatus made up of M.S. plate of rectangular section of 3mm thick x 40cm wide. • Frame is provided with a provision to achieve different end conditions viz. hinged, roller & fixed. • The size of portal will be 40cm x 60cm. Portal may also have a provision for pulley arrangement and hook arrangement for horizontal loading at different positions. • Apparatus is to be supplied complete with a supporting stand and a set of weights • Electronic load cells, displacement cell and Electronic Control Unit (ECU) provided with apparatus. • Software for digital calculations to easily performs by students.OPTIONAL ACCESSORIES:
• PC/Laptop Set.
Elastic Properties Of Deflected Beam Apparatus
Apparatus consists of a mild steel beam 2.5cm x 3mm in cross section and 100cm long, pinned to two supports 70cm apart situated symmetrically. One of the ends can be fixed or given a known slope by applying a known moment at the end with the help of suspended loads. At the other end also a known moment can be applied. Vertical loads can be applied at various points along the span of the beam. A dial gauge with 25mm travel (with a magnetic base) may be supplied with the apparatus. Apparatus to be supplied should be complete with a supporting stand and a set of weights
Verification Clarke S Maxwell Reciprocal Theorem
Apparatus for Verification of Clarke’s Maxwell Reciprocal Theorem
Apparatus consist of a mild steel beam 100cm long and 1.25cm x 4mm in cross section with graduations at every 10cm along the length. It should be supported on two knife edge supports 70cm apart with a 30cm overhang on one side. Reciprocal theorem can be verified by direct measurements of the deflections of various points with the help of a dial gauge due to a load placed at the reciprocal points. A dial gauge with 25mm travel (with a magnetic base) should be supplied with the apparatus. Apparatus to be supplied should be complete with a supporting stand and a set of weights.
Experimental Capabilities: To verify Clerk’s Maxwell reciprocal theorem by means of a mild steel be
Shear Centre Apparatus
Apparatus consists of sturdy base frame and Channel, Equal angle, Semicircle and Z-Section are supplied with apparatus. Standard length of each of the four sections in M. S. is supplied. Each is provided with end clamp for fixing to the rigid bracket. A special load hanger is provided so as to change the load position so that with the help of two dial-gauges, the vertical plane of Shear-centre for the particular section can be determined.
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