Two Input Nor Gate

Objective: To construct an optical transmitter and transmission of signal through Fiber Optics Cable. To construct an Optical Receiver and study the Attenuation of Signal when transmitted from Transmitter to Receiver end. Analog and Digital link can also be studied as this unit is complete with Sine and Square Waves. Bending losses can also be studied. Features: Instrument comprises of Microphone Preamplifier stages consists of MIC (Microphone), Preamplifier and Amplifier (Voice is converted to electrical signal and then amplified) and fed to LED (Transmitter) and then through fibre cable, signal is sent to Photodetector (Transistor) and again amplifier and output is sent to Speaker Unit. Power Supply of +6 VDC is used in Amplifier ckt. 2 No. Fiber Optics cables are provided (one of them is 50 cm long and the other is 100 cm long). One more fiber cable of 50mm length having connector at one end is also provided. Connectors a both end of fiber cable are provided for insertion in sockets provided on the front panel. Bending losses can also be studied in long wire. Standard: MIC with 2 meter long lead and a Speaker 4”, 4 ohm are mounted in a vertical box. Accuracy: with 1 meter long connecting leads. 2 No. Fiber optic cable having length of 50 cm and 100 cm are provided. Optional : Digital multimeter (3 1/2 Digit, Big size Display) This model also include Digital Multimeter and wooden frame for measurement of Numerical aperture i.e. complete in all respect including facility for measurement of numerical aperture.

Mounted on transparent covered base for easy view. A diagram and two color coded sockets are provided for connection with any circuit.

Each module is housed in a plastic box 90 x 90 x 30 mm and is provided with a circuit diagram on the panel. It has necessary input and output sockets. The socket stacking system allows addition of as many modules as desired, designed to work on 6V D. C.

Instrumentation amplifier is a switched gain precision operation amplifier. This is used for precise and accurate, low noise differential signal acquisition. 4mm sockets are used for the input signal. It can be interfaced with a wide range of sensors. It can take small voltage changes from a sensor and make those changes large enough to be measured using CRO. It is not able to drive a low impedance load such as a loudspeaker or relay. The output can be read on CRO. Digital multimeter may also be used to read the output. With switched gain of 5 to 1000, it can handle signal inputs over a very wide range making it suitable for almost all applications.